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Cowper, William.

Myotomia reformata : or an anatomical treatise on the muscles of the human body. Illustrated with figures after the life. By the late Mr. William Cowper, Surgeon, and Fellow of the Royal Society. To which is prefix'd an Introduction concerning muscular motion

London : printed for Robert Knaplock, and William and John Innys, in St. Paul's Church-Yard; and Jacob Tonson, in the Strand, 1724.

Cote : 1892.

Exemplaire numérisé : BIU Santé (Paris)

Adresse permanente : https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histmed/medica/cote?01892

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[sans numérotation] The Preface

[sans numérotation] Syllabus Musculorum eâ serie qua in ordinariis Corporis Humani [anatomais] dissecantur

LXXVI Introduction

I Introduction concerning the Muscles and their Action

XXXV Proposition I

XXXVII Proposition II

XL Proposition III

XLIV Proposition IV

XLVI Proposition V

XLIX Corollary. Proposition VI

LIII Corollary I

LIV Corollary II / Corollary III

LV Corollary IV. Proposition VII

LVII Proposition VIII

LX Proposition IX

1 Myotomia reformata : or, a New Administration and Description of the Muscles of a Human Body. Chap. I. Of the Muscles of the Abdomen

2 I. Obliquus descendens

3 II. Obliquus ascendens

4 III. Pyramidalis vel succenturiatus. IV. Rectus

5 V. Transversalis

7 Chap. II. Of the Muscles of the Testes. VI. Cremaster, or Suspensor Testiculi

8 Chap. III. Of the Muscles of the Penis. VII. Accelerator urinae

9 VIII. Erector Penis. IX. Transversalis Penis

10 X. Erector Clitoridis. XI. Sphincter Vaginae

11 Chap. IV. Of the Muscles of the Bladder of urine. XII. Detrusor urinae. XIII. Sphincter vesicae

13 Chap. V. Of the Muscles of the Anus. XIV. Sphincter ani

14 XV. Levator ani

15 Chap. VI. Of the Muscles of the Hairy-Scalp and Forehead. XVI. Occipitalis

16 XVII. Frontalis

17 Chap. VII. Of the Muscles of the Cheeks and Lips. XVIII. Quadratus genae, or Quadratus colli, by some call'd Tetragonus, and by Galen, Platysma Myoides

18 XIX. Buccinator. XX. Zygomaticus. XXI. Elevator labiorum

19 XXII. Depressor labiorum. XXIII. Orbicularis labiorum. XXIV. Elevator labii superioris proprius. XXV. Depressor labii inferioris proprius

20 XXVI. Elevator labii inferioris proprius

21 Chap. VIII. Of the Muscles of the Eye-Lids. XXVII. Orbicularis palpebrarum

22 XXVIII. Aperiens palpebram rectus

23 Chap. IX. Of the Muscles of the Eye. XXIX. Obliquus superior or Trochlearis

24 XXX. Obliquus inferior

25 XXXI. Elevator oculi. XXXII. Depressor oculi. XXXIII. Adductor oculi. XXXIV. Abductor oculi

27 Chap. X. Of the Muscles of the Nose. XXXV. Elevator alae nasi

28 XXXVI. Dilatator alae nasi, & elevator labii superioris. XXXVII. Constrictor alae nasi

29 Chap. X. Of the Muscles of the Auricula or Outward Ear. XXXVIII. Attollens auriculam. XXXIX. Retrahens auriculam

31 Chap. XII. Of the Muscles of the Internal Ear

32 XL. Externus auris vel laxator externus. XLI. Obliquus auris

33 XLII. Internus auris. XLIII. Musculus Stapedis

35 Chap. XIII. Of the Muscles of the Os Hyoides, or Bone of the Tongue. XLIV. Sternohyoideus

36 XLV. Coracohyoideus. HLVI. Stylohyoideus. XLVII. Mylohyoideus

37 XLVIII. Geniohyoideus

38 Chap. XIV. Of the Muscles of the Tongue. XLIX. Genioglossus. L. Ceratoglossus

39 LI. Styloglossus. LII. Basioglossus

40 Chap. XV. Of the Muscles of the Uvula. LIII. Glossostaphylinus. LIV. Sphenostaphylinus

41 LV. Pterygostaphylinus

42 Chap. XVI. Of the Muscles of the Fauces. LVI. Stylopharynaeus. LVII. Oesophagaeus, seu sphincter gulae

43 LVIII. Vaginalis gulae

44 Chap. XVII. Of the Muscles of the Larynx. LIX. Sternothyroideus

45 LX. Hyothyroideus. LXI. Cricothyroideus. LXII. Cricoarytaenoideus posticus

46 LXIII. Cricoarytaenoideus lateralis. LXIV. Thyroarytaenoideus. LXV. Arytaenoideus

47 Chap. XVIII. Of the Muscles of the Lower Jaw. LXVI. Temporalis, seu Crotaphites

48 LXVII. Masseter. LXVIII. Digastricus, seu Biventer

49 LXIX. Pterygoideus internus. LXX. Pterygoideus externus

50 Chap. XIX. Of the Muscles of the Thorax

51 LXXI. Serratus minor anticus. LXXII. Serratus major anticus

52 LXXIII. Subclavius. LXXIV. Scalenus primus. LXXV. Scalenus secundus

53 LXXVI. Scalenus tertius. LXXVII. Triangularis. LXXVIII. Diaphragma

54 LXXIX. Intercostales interni

56 Chap. XX. Of the Muscles of the Scapula, or Shoulder-Blade. LXXXI. Cucullaris, seu Trapezius. LXXXII. Rhomboides

57 LXXXIII. Levator Scapulae

58 Chap. XXI. Of the Muscles of the Thorax, which appear on the backside of the Body. LXXXIV. Serratus superior posticus. LXXXV. Serratus inferior posticus

59 LXXXVI. Sacrolumbalis. LXXXVII. Intercostales externi

60 Chap. XXII. Of the Muscles of the Head

61 LXXXVIII. Splenius. LXXXIX. Complexus

62 XC. Rectus major. XCI. Rectus minor. XCII. Obliquus superior. XCIII. Obliquus inferior

63 XCIV. Mastoideus. XCV. Rectus internus major

64 XCVI. Rectus internus minor. XCVII. Rectus lateralis

65 Chap. XXIII. Of the Muscles of the Neck. XCVIII. Longus colli. XCIX. Spinalis colli

66 C. Interspinales colli. CI. Transversalis colli

67 Chap. XXIV. Of the Muscles of the Back and Loins. CII. Longissimus dorsi

68 CIII. Quadratus lumborum. CIV. Semispinatus

69 CV. Sacer. CVI. Musculus coccygis

70 Chap. XXV. Of the Muscles of the Arm, or Os Humeri. CVII. Pectoralis

71 CVIII. Deltoides. CIX. Supraspinatus

72 CX. Infraspinatus. CXI. Teres minor. CXII. Teres major. CXIII. Latissimus dorsi, sive aniscalptor

73 CXIV. Coracobrachialis. CXV. Subscapularis

74 Chap. XXVI. Of the Muscles of the Cubit. CXVI. Biceps

75 CXVII. Brachiaeus internus

76 CXVIII. Gemellus. CXIX. Brachiaeus externus. CXX. Anconaeus

77 Chap. XXVII. Of the Muscles of the Palm of the Hand. CXXI. Palmaris longus. CXXII. Palmaris brevis

79 Chap. XXVIII. Of the Muscles of the four Fingers. CXXIII. Perforatus

80 CXXIV. Perforans

81 CXXV. Lumbricales. CXXVI. Extensor Digitorum communis, seu Digitorum tensor

82 CXXVII. Interossei manus. CXXVIII. Extensor indicis, seu indicator. CXXIX. Abductor indicis

83 CXXX. Extensor minimi digiti. CXXXI. Abductor minimi digiti

84 Chap. XXIX. Of the Muscles of the Thumb. CXXXII. Flexor tertii internodii, seu longissimus pollicis. CXXXIII. Abductor pollicis

85 CXXXIV. Flexor primi & secundi ossis pollicis. CXXXV. Abductor pollicis. CXXXVI. Extensor primi internodii pollicis

86 CXXXVII. Extensor secundi internodii pollicis. CXXXVIII. Extensor tertii internodii pollicis

87 Chap. XXX. Of the Muscles of the Wrist, or Carpus. CXXXIX. Flexor Carpi radialis. CXL. Flexor Carpi ulnaris. CXLI. Extensor Carpi radialis

88 CXLII. Extensor Carpi ulnaris

89 Chap. XXXI. Of the Muscles of the Radius. CXLIII. Pronator Radii teres. CXLIV. Pronator Radii quadratus, or inferior quadratus

90 CXLV. Supinator Radii longus. CXLVI. Supinator Radii brevis

91 Chap. XXXII. Of the Muscles of the Thigh

92 CXLVII. Psoas parvus. CXLVIII. Psoas magnus, seu Lumbalis. CXLIX. Iliacus internus

93 CL. Pectineus. CLI. Glutaeus major

94 CLII. Glutaeus medius. CLIII. Glutaeus minor

95 CLIV. Pyriformis, seu Iliacus externus. CLV. Marsupialis, seu Bursalis

96 CLVI. Quadratus Femoris. CLVII. Obsturator externus. CLVIII. Triceps

98 Chap. XXXIII. Of the Muscles of the Leg. CLIX. Membranosus

99 CLX. Sartorius. CLXI. Gracilis

100 CLXII. Biceps. CLXIII. Seminervosus, seu Semitendinosus. CLXIV. Semimembranosus

101 CLXV. Popliteus. CLXVI. Rectus Femoris. CLXVII. Vastus externus. CLXVIII. Vastus internus

102 CLXIX. Crureus, seu Femoreus

103 Chap. XXXIV. Of the Muscles of the Foot, or Tarsus

104 CLXX. Tibialis Anticus. CLXXI. Gasterocnemius externus, seu Gemellus

105 CLXXII. Plantaris. CLXXIII. Soleus, seu Gasterocnemius internus

106 CLXXIV. Peronaeus primus. CLXXV. Peronaeus secundus

107 CLXXVI. Tibialis posticus

108 Chap. XXXV. Of the Muscles of the Great Toe. CLXXVII. Extensor Pollicis longus

109 CLXXVIII. Extensor Pollicis brevis. CLXXIX. Flexor Pollicis longus. CLXXX. Flexor Pollicis brevis. CLXXXI. Adductor Pollicis

110 CLXXXII. Abductor Pollicis

111 Chap. XXXVI. Of the Muscles of the four Lesser Toes. CLXXXIII. Extensor Digitorum Pedis longus

112 CLXXXIV. Extensor Digitorum brevis. CLXXXV. Perforatus. CLXXXVI. Perforans

113 CLXXXVII. Lumbricales. CLXXXVIII. Abductor minimi Digiti. CLXXXIX. Transversalis Pedis. CXC. Flexor primi internodii minimi Digiti proprius

114 CXCI. Interossei Pedis

115 Explanation of the Tables

116 Tab. I. Represents the Muscles appearing on the fore Side of a human Body, after the external Teguments are removed / Tab. II. The same body, with some of the external Muscles raised, and others taken off / Tab. III. Shews the same Body farther denuded

117 Tab. IV. Shews the fore Part of the Skeleton of a Man

119 Tab. V. Represents the Body in a Side View. Fig. I. and Fig. II

121 Tab. VI. Represents the Side View of the Body partly denuded, and the Skeleton. Fig. I. and Fig. II

122 Fig. III and Fig. IV

123 Tab. VII. Shews the back View of the Body a Man / Tab. VIII. The same Body with some of the external Muscles taken off

124 Tab. IX. Represents the same Body, with more of the Muscles removed

125 Tab. X. The back View the Skeleton of a Man

126 Tab. XI. XII. XIII. These Figures are chiefly design'd for the Use of Painters and Statuaires. The Outlines are copied from some of the greatest Masters, and the Muscles are laid in from the Life

127 Tab. XIV. Shews the internal Surface of the Musculus Obliquus Descendens, when dissected and display'd

128 Tab. XV. The Musculus Obliquus Ascendens, with the Rectus and part of the Tendon of the Descendens, together with the Testis of the Left Side dissected and display'd...

130 Tab. XVI. 4. The internal Surface of the Rectus Abdominis of the Left Side. 5. The internal Surface of the Transversalis Abdominis of the Left Side

139 Tab. XXV. The Muscles of the Eye-lid and Eye, Ala Nasi & Auricula, as big as the Life. Fig. I. The Muscles of the Palpebra, and right Eye in self, dissected and display'd. Fig. II. The back part of the Muscles of the Left Eye dissected and display'd. Fig. III. IV. The Muscles of the Eye dissected, and so dispos'd, as to shew the natural Position ef each Muscle in the Left Eye

140 Fig. V. VI. Fig. VII. The Left Ear, with its Muscles, as I have most commody found them, they varying in their Figure in different Subjects

141 Tab. XXVI. Fig. I. Part of the Right Os Temporale, &c. containingh the Organs of Hearing of the Right Side as big as the Life. Fig. II. The internal Surface of the same Bones, with the Organs of Hearing, represented in the preceding Figure

142 Fig. III. Part of preceding Figure. Fig. IV. The four little Bones of the roght Ear taken out with their Muscles

143 Fig. V. VI. VII. The Malleus, Incus, and Stapes, as big as the Life, and magnisy'd. Fig. VIII. The same Organs of the Left Ear magnify'd in the same Position, as in Fig. III

144 Tab. XXVII. Fig. I. The upper Surface of the Os Hyoides, when freed from its Muscles. Fig. II. The internal Surface of the same Os Hyoides. Fig. III. IV. The internal and external Surface of the Os Hyoides from another Body. The two other Figures represent the Os Hyoides taken out with its Muscles

145 Tab. XXVIII. Fig. I. The Tongue, with its Muscles cut from their Originations, and left at their Insertions into the Body of the Tongue. Fig. II. The back part of the Muscles of the Uvula, with the upper part of those of the Fauces, when dissected

146 Fig. III. The back part of the Muscles of the Fauces, connected to the Os Hyoides and Larynx

147 Fig. IV. The Muscles of the Uvula, clear'd and left in their natural Situation

148 Tab. XXIX. Fig. I. II. The fore Parts of the Muscles of the Uvula and Fauces dissected and cleared of their Glandulous Membranes. Fig. III. The Gula distended with Wind, to shew. Fig. IV. The Musculus Vaginalis Gulae, ending on the Left Orifice of the Stomach

149 Tab. XXX. Fig. I. The fore part of the Larynx, with the Os Hyoides and part of the Wind pipe annex'd, together all the common Muscles of the Larynx. Fig. II. III. IV. V. Shew different Views of the Larynx, and its proper Muscles

151 Tab. XXXI. The Muscles of the lower Jaw, as they appear, when freed from the Cranium

153 Tab. XXXIII. Fig. I. The Inside of the Sternum, with the Cartilaginous Endings of the Ribs, freed from their Bony Parts. Fig. II. A Sketch of the internal Surface of two or three of the lower Ribs, near their Articulations with the Vertebrae of the Back, as big as the Life; where a Disposition of the internal Intercostal Muscles, not commonly taken notice of, is represented

154 Tab. XXXIV. The upper Surface of the Diaphragm, next the Thorax

155 Tab. XXXV. The lower Surface of the Diaphragm, next the Abdomen

156 Tab. XXXVI. Divers Views of the external, middle, and internal Compages of the Fibres of the Heart. Fig. I. The fore part of the Heart, next the Sternum. Fig. II. The back part of the Heart, next the Vertebrae

157 Fig. III. The Series of Fibres, under those represented in Fig. I Fig. IV. The Fibres, as they appear, under those express'd in Fig. III. Fig. V. The Double Spiral Order of the Fibres, at the Cone of the Heart, which may partly be seen in Fig. III. Fig. VI. A View of the internal Surface of the Cone of the Heart, after a transverse Section

158 Tab. XXXVII. Fig. I. The right Auricle and Ventricle of the Heart, open'd from the Vena Cava Fig. II

160 Tab. XXXVIII. Fig. I. The same Heart, represented at Fig. I. in the preceding Table, with the right Ventricle open'd from the Arteria Pulmonalis, both being here pinn'd out and display'd, as big as the Life. Fig. II. The Mitral Valve of the left Ventricle, dissected and display'd

161 Fig. III. The internal Surface of the three Semilunar Valves of the Pulmonary Artery, next the Cavity of the right Ventricle of the Heart. Fig. IV. The external Surface of the same Valves, next the Trunk of the Pulmonick Artery

162 Tab. XXXIX. Fig. I. The Left Ventricle of the Heart open'd, with the Trunk of the Vena Pulmonalis, and the Left Auricle. Fig. II. The external Paries of the Left Ventricle, cut off from the Basis of the Heart, at the Root of the Arteria Magna, to the Cone, according to the length of the Heart

163 Fig. III. The Mitral Valve taken out entire, with the Columnae Carneae and their annex'd Tendons, &c.

164 Tab. XL. Fig. I. The Left Ventricle of the Heart opened, together with the Vena Pulmonalis and Trunk of the Aorta, to shew in one View the Position of the Valves, that hinder the Return of the Blood by the same way it came into the Ventricle, as well as those Valves, that prevent the return of the Blood, after it is expell'd from thence by the Systole of the Heart. Fig. II. Is drawn from the same Heart express'd Fig. I. in the preceding Table, after dividing the Vena Pulmonalis, through the middle, (as 'tis there represented) together with the Arteria Aorta

165 Fig. III. Part of the Aorta cut off next the Basis of the Heart, to shew its Valves, as they appear next the Ventricle, when the Heart is in Diastole, and the Blood hinder'd by them in its return from the Aorta to the Left Ventricle, after its Expulsion from thence

166 Fig. IV. A Portion of the Aorta, with the Parts annex'd, in the same Position, as was represented in the preceding Figure, taken from a morbid Body, in which the use of the Semilunar Valves was entirely defeated by a large Petrefaction, that grew upon them. Fig. V. VI. Shew the same Parts of the Aorta, with its Valves viewed from the great Artery towards the Heart

170 Tab. XLIV. Fig. I. The back Parts of the Vertebrae of the Neck, as they appear'd in a late Subject, with the Muscles and Parts annex'd, as big as the Life

172 Tab. XLV. Fig. I. II. The exteriour and interiour Surfaces of the Longissimus Dorsi, Sacrolumbalis, Sacer, Semi-Spinatus, and Transversalis Colli, dissected from an emaciated Body

174 Tab. XLVI / Tab. XLVII

175 Tab. XLVIII

183 Tab. LV. LVI.

190 Tab. LXIII. The Muscles of the Toes

191 Tab. LXIV. The Muscles of the Toes, as big as the Life

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